Traumatic Brain Injury



Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is sudden damage to the brain caused by a blow or jolt to the head. Common causes include car or motorcycle crashes, falls, sports injuries, and assaults. Injuries can range from mild concussions to severe permanent braindamage.

Mild traumatic brain injury may affect your brain cells temporarily. More-serious traumatic brain injury can result in bruising, torn tissues, bleeding and other physical damage to the brain. These injuries can result in long-term complications or death.
Cognitive functions may also be impacted due to TBI

Cognitive Functioning: Cognitive functions, also called cognitive skills, cognitive abilities or cognitive capacities are brain-based skills which are needed in acquisition of knowledge, manipulation of information and reasoning. They have more to do with the mechanisms of how people learn, remember, problem-solve, and pay attention, rather than with actual knowledge.



Cognitive functions include the domains of:

  • Perception
  • Attention
  • Memory
  • Learning
  • Decision making
  • Language abilities



Cognitive functioning is a term referring to a human’s ability to process thoughts that should not deplete on a large scale in healthy individuals. It is defined as "the ability of an individual to perform the various mental activities most closely associated with learning and problem solving. Examples include verbal, spatial, psychomotor, and processing-speed ability." Cognition mainly refers to things like memory, the ability to learn new information, speech, understanding of written material. The brain is usually capable of learning new skills in the aforementioned areas, typically in early childhood, and of developing personal thoughts and beliefs about the world. Old age and disease may affect cognitive function, causing memory loss and trouble thinking of the right words while speaking or writing.

How can we help?

• Psychological counseling: A counselor can help a person learn coping skills, work on relationships, and improve general emotional well-being.
• Cognitive therapy: This includes activities designed to improve memory, attention, perception, learning, planning, and judgement. For many people with TBI, cognitive therapy is among the most common types of rehabilitation.



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